Systems Physiology
Foundations of Physiology, Homeostasis and Regulation of Body Function
Systems physiology studies a body system through the organization and regulation of its components. The circulatory system includes a pump, conducting vessels, exchange surfaces and a path for venous return.
System boundaries are useful for study. The kidneys regulate extracellular volume over longer intervals, while autonomic pathways can adjust cardiac activity and vascular tone rapidly. Interpreting circulation therefore sometimes requires measurements outside the cardiovascular system.
Further reading: OpenStax — Overview of Anatomy and Physiology · OpenStax — Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
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