GLOSSARY

Exercise physiology studies responses during activity, recovery afterward and adaptations to repeated training. The choice of measurement depends on exercise mode, intensity, duration and environmental conditions.

Concept	Meaning
During a session	Heart rate and ventilation rise when running begins.
During recovery	These variables move back toward resting values; the time course depends on the protocol.
After training	The same submaximal running speed may elicit a lower heart rate.

Comparing responses at a matched workload and in similar conditions helps distinguish training effects from differences in heat, pacing or equipment.

Further reading: OpenStax — Exercise and Muscle Performance · OpenStax — Cardiac Physiology