GLOSSARY

Vitamins is the plural of vitamin, covering nutrients with different functions and requirements rather than one uniform substance.

Vitamins are organic compounds needed for normal function, not directly countable energy sources like fat or carbohydrate. Some participate in energy-releasing reactions, but that does not mean they contain dietary energy or generate fuel independently of food. Athletes need adequate vitamins alongside sufficient energy and macronutrients to use their fuels effectively.

The water- versus fat-soluble classification helps explain absorption, transport and storage, but is not an absolute rule for every member. A, D, E and K are fat-soluble; B vitamins and C are water-soluble. Group membership alone cannot determine individual requirements, supplement risks or elimination rates without considering the particular vitamin.

A varied food pattern is more useful than reliance on one food or capsule. Fruit, vegetables, grains, pulses, dairy or fortified alternatives and protein foods make different contributions. Long-term exclusions, very low energy intake, travel and restricted access can create gaps in sports diets; food records help identify which sources are actually missing.