GLOSSARY

Vegetarian Diet usually excludes meat, poultry and fish, while permitted eggs and dairy depend on the subtype.

Plant-centered eating spans patterns that include some animal foods through fully vegan diets. Evaluate protein quantity and quality, iron, calcium, iodine and other nutrients according to the foods retained or excluded. A reliable vitamin B12 source is particularly important in vegan eating. Legumes, grains, nuts and suitable fortified foods can contribute, but high fiber and low energy density may make fueling difficult for some athletes. Food choice and preparation matter more than the label alone.

An adequate diet provides sufficient energy and essential nutrients while fitting health needs. A high score for variety or a healthy food label cannot independently demonstrate adequacy. Review what is actually eaten, including foods excluded and suitable replacements. Athletes can consume many vegetables yet still lack enough energy or carbohydrate for training. Assess the overall pattern, distribution and relevant nutrient risks rather than assuming that a single food or supplement makes the entire diet balanced.

Protein targets depend on body size, training, energy intake, age and clinical status. A high-protein label does not identify the actual amount, amino-acid quality or distribution. During weight reduction, adequate protein and resistance exercise can help preserve lean tissue, but neither removes the consequences of an excessive energy deficit. Kidney disease can require a different clinical approach. Do not transfer a healthy athlete's protein strategy directly to a person with impaired renal function.