GLOSSARY

Protein Complementation is the process of combining sources to improve the available amino-acid pattern. It relates to complementary proteins and is not restricted to adding protein powder.

Combining sources with different amino acid patterns can improve the mixture. Cereals are often relatively low in lysine against a reference pattern, and pulses can help. Healthy adults eating adequate varied diets need not combine every complementary source in the same mouthful; total amount and the daily pattern still matter.

The limiting amino acid has the lowest supply ratio against the reference, not necessarily the smallest absolute amount or complete absence. Changing sources or quantities changes adequacy. Unlimited addition of one amino acid does not solve every dietary gap; the whole mixture and its actual intake need to be assessed.

Most plant protein sources contain all essential amino acids, but proportions and digestibility differ. Varied pulses, grains, nuts and soy foods can support adequacy; larger amounts or source combinations may sometimes help. Plant origin does not itself prevent muscle building, just as it does not automatically guarantee adequate protein supply.