GLOSSARY

Performance Fueling supplies energy substrates for exercise or training. Carbohydrate and fat make major contributions, while the mixture used depends on workload and availability.

Sports nutrition connects food and fluid provision with training, competition, adaptation and health. The appropriate plan depends on the sport, event duration, athlete, environment and available eating opportunities. Adequate energy and nutrient intake form the foundation, while timing and specialized products solve particular problems. A strategy supported in one exercise model is not automatically optimal for every sport. The useful outcome is the athlete's ability to train, recover and perform under the actual conditions.

Carbohydrate requirements vary with the intensity, duration and importance of the work. Daily intake relative to body mass describes a different quantity from an intake rate during exercise, which is commonly expressed per hour. A larger daily target does not mean the same amount should be consumed in every session. Match supply to the schedule, starting stores and practical tolerance, and distinguish grams eaten from grams absorbed or oxidized when discussing a fueling plan.

Muscle and liver glycogen have related but different roles. Muscle glycogen supplies the muscle in which it is stored, while liver glycogen helps support blood glucose. An overnight fast can reduce liver carbohydrate availability without producing the same depletion in every muscle. Starting concentration, recruited fibers and exercise demand affect use. An estimate of total stores does not directly describe the availability of every local glycogen pool during a specific movement.