GLOSSARY

Oxyntomodulin is a proglucagon-derived peptide studied in appetite and metabolism.

Nutrient entry, gastric distension and neural and hormonal signals jointly regulate eating. GLP-1, PYY and CCK are important, but one blood rise cannot precisely predict later intake. Molecular form, receptor and vagal or central routes matter. In athletes, strong fullness from low-energy bulky meals can make adequate fueling difficult, so portions and timing should fit actual demand and tolerance rather than pursuing maximal appetite suppression.

Digestive peptides influence motility, secretion, digestion and signaling; they are not all established weight-loss satiety hormones. Some names originate in animal work or experimental injections, while oral effects and normal human roles need separate evidence. In sports nutrition, identifying a pathway is distinct from demonstrating a product effect. Meal composition, volume, digestive tolerance and adequate fueling remain the practical basis rather than targeting every investigational peptide.

For practical use, record meal and training timing, sleep and hunger alongside actual intake and performance trends. When a marker changes, first examine measurement conditions and plausible explanations; food decisions should support adequate supply, tolerance and recovery rather than ending the assessment at one molecular signal or assuming a concentration change automatically establishes a useful intervention.