GLOSSARY

Nutrition Repletion restores a depleted nutritional state through suitable intake, treatment and monitoring.

Nutritional rehabilitation restores adequate intake, nutrient status and function in a way matched to the cause and severity of depletion. Weight restoration can be one goal, but a scale increase alone does not establish full recovery of muscle, health or eating behavior. The time course and monitoring depend on disease, previous intake and refeeding risk. Coordinate food, clinical treatment and appropriate activity rather than treating recovery as merely adding a fixed number of calories until a target weight is reached.

Malnutrition can occur across body sizes, including in a person with obesity. Assessment considers reduced intake or assimilation, disease-related inflammation, weight trajectory and relevant body-composition or functional findings. Undernutrition, overnutrition and individual micronutrient deficiencies describe overlapping but distinct problems. A stable or high body weight cannot exclude inadequate nutrient supply or muscle loss. In an athlete, declining intake, recurrent illness or unintentional weight loss deserves assessment rather than automatic praise for becoming lighter.

Protein targets depend on body size, training, energy intake, age and clinical status. A high-protein label does not identify the actual amount, amino-acid quality or distribution. During weight reduction, adequate protein and resistance exercise can help preserve lean tissue, but neither removes the consequences of an excessive energy deficit. Kidney disease can require a different clinical approach. Do not transfer a healthy athlete's protein strategy directly to a person with impaired renal function.

After prolonged inadequate intake, restarting nutrition can produce dangerous shifts in phosphate, potassium, magnesium, thiamine demand and fluid balance. Risk depends on the clinical history and assessment, not only current body mass. Refeeding syndrome differs from a routine planned carbohydrate refeed during dieting. People at substantial risk need a carefully managed clinical plan with monitoring and appropriate support. Abruptly adding large amounts of food or supplements without assessment is not a safe shortcut to recovery from severe undernutrition.

Clinical nutrition translates assessment into an individualized intervention and evaluates the response. A disease name alone cannot define the prescription: disease stage, medication, symptoms, laboratory findings, intake and functional goals matter. Screening identifies possible risk, whereas a full assessment supports a nutrition diagnosis and care plan. A sports context adds training demands but does not remove clinical requirements. Coordinate care when medical and performance objectives interact instead of applying a standard athlete menu to every patient.

Nutrition follow-up compares intended goals with actual intake, symptoms, function, relevant measurements and the person's experience. Specify the time frame and what would justify adjustment, continuation or referral. A treatment response can be beneficial, absent or adverse, and adherence alone does not prove effectiveness. Retain enough documentation to understand what changed. For an athlete, consider health and training quality alongside body mass or laboratory results so that apparent progress in one measure does not hide deterioration elsewhere.