GLOSSARY

Nutrient Toxicity means harmful effects from excessive exposure to a nutrient. Risk depends on the substance, chemical form, dose, duration and individual characteristics. Essentiality, or being water-soluble, does not establish safety at unlimited doses.

Some nutrients have a tolerable upper intake level, which is not a daily target. Depending on the nutrient, the limit may concern supplements, fortified sources, or total intake. Absence of an established upper limit does not demonstrate that unlimited amounts are safe.

Vitamins and minerals support processes such as enzyme activity, blood formation, and bone maintenance. Many are needed in small amounts, but small quantity does not mean low importance. In sport, consuming more than needed does not automatically improve performance.

Actual portion size determines how much of a food's components is consumed. If the labelled serving differs from the portion eaten, calculations must be adjusted to the actual amount. Accompanying oils, sauces, and drinks also matter when interpreting a meal.