GLOSSARY

Molybdenum is an essential trace element in selected enzyme cofactors, with nutritional deficiency distinct from genetic cofactor disease.

For example, record molybdenum from legumes, grains and nuts using actual portions; a source name without serving size does not establish daily adequacy.

Molybdenum participates in molybdopterin-dependent enzymes, including pathways processing sulfite and purine compounds. Legumes, grains and nuts provide amounts that vary with soil. Kidneys regulate excretion, and acquired deficiency with ordinary eating is very rare. Roles of selected detoxification enzymes do not validate a general supplement detox claim; an additional performance benefit is not established for athletes whose diets already provide adequate supply.

Inherited molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a specific metabolic disease, distinct from low dietary intake in a healthy athlete. Genetic disease and nutritional deficiency do not have one interchangeable supplement response. Excess exposure can also be harmful. Diagnosis, compound and route matter; doses discussed in medical or occupational contexts are not exercise-nutrition recommendations, and rare deficiency does not justify unrestricted intake.

Requirements vary with age, sex, life stage, absorption and some illnesses; population reference values are not identical personal prescriptions for athletes. Increased training can accompany greater food intake that supplies additional minerals. Before adding a supplement, assess actual eating, excluded food groups and documented losses rather than assuming the athlete label alone establishes a greater requirement for every element.