GLOSSARY

MCT Supplementation provides medium-chain fats, a separate nutritional category from ketone salts or esters, with gastrointestinal tolerance and evidence requiring assessment.

Exogenous ketones raise circulating ketone availability through an ingested source, whereas nutritional ketosis can arise from the body's own metabolism. Ketone esters and salts differ in composition, tolerability and accompanying mineral load. A raised blood ketone concentration does not establish improved exercise performance, and these products do not replace carbohydrate requirements by definition. Medium-chain triglycerides are a separate dietary fat source that can influence ketone production but are not chemically identical to ketone supplements. Gastrointestinal symptoms are a relevant practical limitation.

Fat contributes to exercise energy through circulating fatty acids and intramuscular lipid stores. Greater fat availability, uptake or mobilization does not automatically mean a greater oxidation rate. Relative contribution and absolute rate are also different: the percentage can rise while total exercise demand changes. Oxidizing more fat during one session does not by itself establish greater long-term body-fat loss. Interpret the measured process, exercise intensity, diet and overall energy balance together.

Carbohydrate requirements vary with the intensity, duration and importance of the work. Daily intake relative to body mass describes a different quantity from an intake rate during exercise, which is commonly expressed per hour. A larger daily target does not mean the same amount should be consumed in every session. Match supply to the schedule, starting stores and practical tolerance, and distinguish grams eaten from grams absorbed or oxidized when discussing a fueling plan.