GLOSSARY

Macronutrient Distribution describes the allocation of carbohydrate, fat and protein within the diet or across meals.

Meal frequency, timing, size and daily nutrient distribution describe different features of eating. There is no universally optimal schedule independent of the person's circumstances. Consider training opportunities, appetite, gastrointestinal comfort, sleep and medication. An early or late meal should be interpreted within the whole day rather than automatically classified as beneficial or harmful. For an athlete with repeated sessions, practical access to food can matter more than imposing a fashionable timetable.

An adequate diet provides sufficient energy and essential nutrients while fitting health needs. A high score for variety or a healthy food label cannot independently demonstrate adequacy. Review what is actually eaten, including foods excluded and suitable replacements. Athletes can consume many vegetables yet still lack enough energy or carbohydrate for training. Assess the overall pattern, distribution and relevant nutrient risks rather than assuming that a single food or supplement makes the entire diet balanced.

Hunger, satiation and satiety are related but distinct: hunger motivates eating, satiation helps end a meal, and satiety restrains eating afterward. Stress, sleep, food reward, energy deficit and the eating environment can affect them. Feeling full does not prove that an athlete has met energy needs, particularly after hard exercise or with high-volume foods. Practical meal planning can therefore remain important even when appetite is temporarily low or food cues are unusually strong.