GLOSSARY

Insulin Sensitivity describes how responsive relevant tissues or processes are to insulin action.

Clinical nutrition translates assessment into an individualized intervention and evaluates the response. A disease name alone cannot define the prescription: disease stage, medication, symptoms, laboratory findings, intake and functional goals matter. Screening identifies possible risk, whereas a full assessment supports a nutrition diagnosis and care plan. A sports context adds training demands but does not remove clinical requirements. Coordinate care when medical and performance objectives interact instead of applying a standard athlete menu to every patient.

Nutrition for diabetes coordinates food, activity, medication and glucose monitoring. Carbohydrate quantity matters, but food quality, distribution, total energy and individual response also require attention. People using insulin or certain glucose-lowering medicines can develop hypoglycemia, and abrupt dietary changes may require clinician-guided medication review. Carbohydrate counting describes estimation of carbohydrate intake; it is not itself an insulin prescription. Ratios, correction factors and targets are individualized and should not be borrowed from another athlete or an educational example.

Lipid management distinguishes LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol and other relevant markers rather than treating every abnormal result as the same problem. Dietary fat quality, fiber-containing foods, alcohol, energy balance and underlying conditions can affect different components. Medication may also be indicated according to overall cardiovascular risk. A high HDL value does not cancel elevated atherogenic risk, and changing one laboratory number does not by itself demonstrate improved clinical outcomes or superior athletic performance.