GLOSSARY

Hyperlipidemia is elevation of one or more circulating lipid measures rather than every form of dyslipidemia.

Lipid management distinguishes LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol and other relevant markers rather than treating every abnormal result as the same problem. Dietary fat quality, fiber-containing foods, alcohol, energy balance and underlying conditions can affect different components. Medication may also be indicated according to overall cardiovascular risk. A high HDL value does not cancel elevated atherogenic risk, and changing one laboratory number does not by itself demonstrate improved clinical outcomes or superior athletic performance.

A lipid profile needs the measured components, units, sampling conditions and clinical purpose to be clear. LDL, HDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides describe different quantities, while non-HDL cholesterol summarizes cholesterol carried outside HDL. A fasting sample may be requested for particular reasons but is not required for every lipid assessment. Evaluate trends and cardiovascular risk rather than treating one favorable component as permission to ignore an unfavorable one. Athletic status does not make an abnormal result automatically harmless.

Cardioprotective eating commonly emphasizes vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, nuts and suitable unsaturated-fat sources while improving the quality of fat and reducing excessive sodium. Benefits depend on what replaces the foods reduced. Clinical lipid and blood-pressure goals require broader assessment, including medication when indicated. Athletes should adapt portions and carbohydrate supply to training rather than assuming a heart-supporting pattern must be low in energy, extremely restrictive or unsuitable for fueling exercise.