GLOSSARY

Gastric Lipolysis is gastric fat hydrolysis, referring here to digestion rather than mobilization of stored body fat.

For a sports product, separate the pathway's normal role from package claims; assess actual composition, amount and training tolerance rather than treating an enzyme name as a reason to buy or consume more.

Fat digestion combines dispersion, bond hydrolysis and delivery of products to the absorptive surface. Pancreatic lipase with colipase is important for triglycerides, producing mainly fatty acids and monoglycerides. Lingual and gastric lipases contribute but do not replace the intestinal stage in healthy adults. Bile supports the environment and contact rather than itself breaking all fat bonds. These stages should remain distinct when interpreting digestive-product claims.

Lipids are not one substrate: phospholipases act on phospholipids and cholesterol esterase on suitable esters. Carboxyl ester lipase is a related name for a broad-acting ester enzyme, not necessarily an entirely separate substance. Products undergo uptake and reconstruction. Multiple enzyme names do not create a need to add all of them to healthy athletes' meals; clinical replacement and normal dietary variety are different issues.

Emulsification disperses large fat droplets into smaller ones, improving enzyme contact without itself hydrolyzing bonds. Mixed micelles combine bile salts and lipid products to support access to the absorptive surface. A micelle is not a chylomicron: the latter is assembled after cellular processing as a different transport particle. Improved dispersion and chemical digestion are connected steps, not interchangeable names for fat absorption.