GLOSSARY

Fullness is a subjective feeling of stomach or bodily fullness that does not independently demonstrate nutrient adequacy.

Hunger, satiation and satiety are related but distinct: hunger motivates eating, satiation helps end a meal, and satiety restrains eating afterward. Stress, sleep, food reward, energy deficit and the eating environment can affect them. Feeling full does not prove that an athlete has met energy needs, particularly after hard exercise or with high-volume foods. Practical meal planning can therefore remain important even when appetite is temporarily low or food cues are unusually strong.

Behavioral nutrition work links specific actions to barriers and supports in daily life. Self-monitoring, problem solving, achievable goals and supportive follow-up can make change more practical. Monitoring should be proportionate: detailed weighing or recording can be counterproductive for someone vulnerable to disordered eating. Motivational interviewing explores the person's own reasons and autonomy, while cognitive behavioral therapy addresses relevant patterns through a structured therapeutic process. These approaches should not be reduced to blame or generic encouragement.

Meal frequency, timing, size and daily nutrient distribution describe different features of eating. There is no universally optimal schedule independent of the person's circumstances. Consider training opportunities, appetite, gastrointestinal comfort, sleep and medication. An early or late meal should be interpreted within the whole day rather than automatically classified as beneficial or harmful. For an athlete with repeated sessions, practical access to food can matter more than imposing a fashionable timetable.