GLOSSARY

Exercise During Pregnancy Physical activity during pregnancy, adapted to health, prior activity and obstetric recommendations.

Pregnancy nutrition supports maternal health, fetal development and appropriate activity. Energy needs vary with gestational stage, prior status and exercise; the plan is not simply an unrestricted doubling of food. Folate, iron, iodine, choline and other nutrients deserve attention within an appropriate prenatal plan. Check the actual supplement composition and avoid stacking products. Coordinate exercise and nutrition with obstetric care, especially when symptoms or complications occur, rather than applying ordinary athlete weight-control goals during pregnancy.

Nutrition for a female athlete starts with adequate energy and nutrients for the actual sport, health and life stage. Menstrual history, iron losses, contraception, pregnancy and menopause can add important context. Average sex differences do not define every person's needs, and evidence from one hormonal state cannot automatically be applied to another. Ask about symptoms and preferences without assuming that menstruation requires restriction. Preserve confidentiality and use relevant health information to support care rather than to judge selection, commitment or athletic potential.

An adequate diet provides sufficient energy and essential nutrients while fitting health needs. A high score for variety or a healthy food label cannot independently demonstrate adequacy. Review what is actually eaten, including foods excluded and suitable replacements. Athletes can consume many vegetables yet still lack enough energy or carbohydrate for training. Assess the overall pattern, distribution and relevant nutrient risks rather than assuming that a single food or supplement makes the entire diet balanced.

For example, a pregnant athlete should bring the actual prenatal product and other supplements to a review. Check relevant nutrients and duplication with the obstetric team. Activity and food should support pregnancy and maternal health rather than continuing an ordinary cutting diet because it was previously effective for competition.