GLOSSARY

Cups–Tablespoons–Teaspoons Conversion Table

Household volume measures are conventions, not food weights; cup definitions vary by country.

Portion Size is the amount of a food actually selected or consumed at an eating occasion.

A portion is the amount actually chosen or eaten, whereas a serving may be a defined label or reference amount. Plate methods and food-volume approaches simplify planning but do not measure every athlete's requirement. Energy density concerns energy relative to food mass, not a complete judgment of food quality. Adjust portions to purpose: low-energy-density choices may help some weight-management plans, while a heavily training athlete may need more compact energy sources to meet demand comfortably.

Energy density relates energy to food mass, or to volume when that denominator is explicitly stated. Water and fiber often lower mass-based density, while fat generally raises it. This differs from nutrient density, which concerns nutrients relative to a chosen comparison basis. Lower density can help some eating goals, but large food volumes may prevent a heavily training athlete from meeting energy needs. More concentrated foods can be useful when appetite, travel or limited time makes adequate intake difficult.

For example, compare the amount actually eaten with the serving used on the label. A plate method can simplify meal planning, but an endurance athlete may need additional carbohydrate or an extra meal. Adjust the method to the purpose rather than assuming that a visually balanced plate provides the same energy for every person.