GLOSSARY

Anemia is reduced blood oxygen-carrying capacity under a relevant diagnostic framework and can have multiple causes.

For example, fatigue and declining performance can have several causes. Check the relevant history and tests before recommending iron, and interpret ferritin with inflammation in mind. A nutrition intervention should address the confirmed problem and its cause rather than treating every tired athlete as iron deficient.

Anemia describes reduced blood oxygen-carrying capacity within a clinical diagnostic framework and has multiple causes. Iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, inflammation and blood loss require different assessments and treatment. Ferritin is influenced by inflammation, and fatigue alone does not establish iron deficiency. Do not start high-dose iron simply because an athlete reports poor performance. Evaluate the cause and relevant laboratory findings, particularly when symptoms persist, dietary intake is limited or blood loss is possible.

A nutrient deficiency can occur despite adequate total calories, while excessive supplementation can also cause harm. Evaluate dietary sources, absorption, increased losses, medication and relevant tests before assigning a cause. Correcting a documented deficit differs from taking an extra nutrient when status is already sufficient. Multiple deficiencies can coexist and may signal a broader intake or disease problem. Food-based improvements and suitable clinical treatment should address the underlying issue rather than adding an expanding collection of products without review.

An adequate diet provides sufficient energy and essential nutrients while fitting health needs. A high score for variety or a healthy food label cannot independently demonstrate adequacy. Review what is actually eaten, including foods excluded and suitable replacements. Athletes can consume many vegetables yet still lack enough energy or carbohydrate for training. Assess the overall pattern, distribution and relevant nutrient risks rather than assuming that a single food or supplement makes the entire diet balanced.