GLOSSARY

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 diabetes involves severe insulin deficiency, usually due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

Locate the disturbance. Primary disorders originate mainly in the peripheral gland, while secondary disorders usually involve pituitary regulation. Hormone resistance affects target responsiveness. The appropriate upstream response helps interpret the pattern, but illness, medicines and assay interference can complicate a simple model.

Interpreting the mechanism. The resulting metabolic consequences differ from a normal exercise-associated fall in insulin, and insulin deficiency can produce ketoacidosis.

Symptoms and paired measurements. Fatigue, weight change and poor performance are nonspecific. Endocrine evaluation connects symptoms, examination, appropriately selected tests and, where indicated, imaging or dynamic assessment. A single abnormal hormone does not independently establish the underlying diagnosis.