GLOSSARY

Two-Cell, Two-Gonadotropin Model
The two-cell, two-gonadotropin model describes cooperation between LH-responsive theca cells and FSH-responsive granulosa cells in follicular estrogen production. Androgen precursors move between the compartments.

A changing reproductive system. Ovarian function integrates follicular development, gonadotropin input, local signaling and changing steroid feedback. Hormone patterns differ across the cycle and life stages. Timing relative to ovulation or menstrual phase is often essential for interpreting a sample.

Specific considerations. The model is a useful framework rather than an exhaustive account of every stage. Receptor expression and steroidogenic capacity change as the follicle matures.

Health and training. Cycle disturbance has several possible causes and should not be assumed to be a normal training effect. Energy availability, pregnancy, medication use and endocrine conditions require consideration. Physiological cycle differences alone do not establish one universally optimal training schedule.