Thyroid Gland Physiology
Thyroid Gland and Thyroid Hormones
Thyroid Gland Physiology
Thyroid physiology links iodide handling and hormone synthesis to regulated secretion of T4 and T3. Follicular cells organize these processes around a colloid-filled lumen.
From synthesis to tissue action
Thyroid function involves iodide handling, hormone formation in thyroglobulin, secretion, protein binding and local conversion. Transporters, deiodinases and receptor isoforms shape tissue exposure. These steps explain why circulating total hormone and intracellular thyroid action are different measurements.
Interpreting the mechanism
TSH provides trophic stimulation, while peripheral transport, deiodination and receptor expression determine tissue action. Thyroid output and the biological response in a particular organ are therefore related but different quantities.
Interpreting the axis
TSH and free thyroid hormones are interpreted together with symptoms and assay conditions. Illness, medicines and energy deficiency can alter the pattern. A change during heavy training should not automatically be treated as primary thyroid disease.
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