GLOSSARY

A changing reproductive system

Ovarian function integrates follicular development, gonadotropin input, local signaling and changing steroid feedback. Hormone patterns differ across the cycle and life stages. Timing relative to ovulation or menstrual phase is often essential for interpreting a sample.

A distinction that matters

The same ligand can activate or repress genes according to cellular context.

Health and training

Cycle disturbance has several possible causes and should not be assumed to be a normal training effect. Energy availability, pregnancy, medication use and endocrine conditions require consideration. Physiological cycle differences alone do not establish one universally optimal training schedule.