GLOSSARY

Exercise-Induced Sympathoadrenal Activation
Exercise activates sympathetic neural pathways and adrenal catecholamine secretion to support cardiovascular and metabolic demands.

Acute responses and adaptation

Hormonal responses depend on intensity, duration, training status, fueling, hydration and biological timing. Plasma-volume shifts can change concentrations. Acute release, clearance and tissue sensitivity must be separated before a response is interpreted as altered gland function.

A distinction that matters

• Neural norepinephrine release and adrenal hormone release overlap but are distinct components of the sympathoadrenal response.

Track functional outcomes

Training adaptation is assessed through performance, tolerance and recovery over time. A brief anabolic-hormone peak or a ratio of two hormones cannot independently establish later hypertrophy, overtraining or readiness. Persistent changes should be interpreted with symptoms and health context.