GLOSSARY

Erythroferrone and Iron Regulation
Erythroferrone from stimulated erythroid cells helps suppress hepcidin and increase iron availability.

Volume, blood cells and iron. Renal and cardiovascular signals regulate circulation and sodium handling, while EPO, thrombopoietin and iron-regulatory hormones support blood-cell production. These pathways interact but have different sources, receptors and response times.

A distinction that matters. The response links marrow demand with systemic iron regulation.

An exercise distinction. A rapid change in plasma volume can alter measured blood concentrations before new blood cells are produced. Endocrine stimulation, iron availability and marrow response determine longer-term erythropoiesis. A single post-exercise result cannot independently establish increased oxygen-carrying mass.