GLOSSARY

Cortisol and Immune Regulation
Glucocorticoids regulate immune-cell trafficking and inflammatory gene programs.

Distinct adrenal pathways

Adrenal zones differ in enzyme expression and regulatory inputs. ACTH strongly influences glucocorticoid pathways, whereas angiotensin II and potassium are major aldosterone regulators. Steroid binding, local conversion and clearance modify the relationship between gland output and blood concentration.

A distinction that matters

Physiological pulses and prolonged pharmacological exposure differ, so cortisol should not be labeled simply an immunity-destroying hormone.

Context for a result

Sampling time, illness, medicines, posture and sodium status matter differently for different adrenal tests. An exercise-associated rise is not itself a diagnosis. Persistent symptoms or abnormal biochemical patterns require the appropriate clinical assessment.