Adipokines
Adipose Tissue, Adipokines and Appetite Regulation
Adipokines
Adipokines are signaling molecules associated with adipose tissue, including products of adipocytes and other resident cells. They participate in metabolic, vascular and immune communication.
Adipose tissue sends information
Adipose tissue contains adipocytes, vascular cells and immune populations with distinct secretory contributions. Depot, energy status and inflammation influence the resulting endocrine profile. A circulating association does not establish the producing cell or prove a causal metabolic effect.
Specific considerations
Source, concentration and causal action must be distinguished. Changes in one circulating adipokine can accompany altered adiposity without proving that it caused the associated health outcome.
Appetite is integrated
Hunger and food intake reflect endocrine signals together with neural reward, meals, sleep and environment. Low energy availability can occur at different body sizes. No single adipokine concentration can independently determine an athlete's fueling requirements.
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