GLOSSARY

11-Oxygenated Adrenal Androgens
11-oxygenated adrenal androgens include precursors and active metabolites such as 11-ketotestosterone.

Distinct adrenal pathways. Adrenal zones differ in enzyme expression and regulatory inputs. ACTH strongly influences glucocorticoid pathways, whereas angiotensin II and potassium are major aldosterone regulators. Steroid binding, local conversion and clearance modify the relationship between gland output and blood concentration.

Specific considerations. Their contribution differs across clinical states and is not captured by testosterone alone.

Context for a result. Sampling time, illness, medicines, posture and sodium status matter differently for different adrenal tests. An exercise-associated rise is not itself a diagnosis. Persistent symptoms or abnormal biochemical patterns require the appropriate clinical assessment.