GLOSSARY

11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2
11-beta-HSD2 converts cortisol to cortisone in tissues including mineralocorticoid-sensitive renal cells.

Distinct adrenal pathways. Adrenal zones differ in enzyme expression and regulatory inputs. ACTH strongly influences glucocorticoid pathways, whereas angiotensin II and potassium are major aldosterone regulators. Steroid binding, local conversion and clearance modify the relationship between gland output and blood concentration.

Specific considerations. This helps protect mineralocorticoid receptors from activation by abundant cortisol.

Context for a result. Sampling time, illness, medicines, posture and sodium status matter differently for different adrenal tests. An exercise-associated rise is not itself a diagnosis. Persistent symptoms or abnormal biochemical patterns require the appropriate clinical assessment.