GLOSSARY

Urinalysis is one of the simplest, cheapest and most widely used medical tests, providing important information about the kidneys, urinary tract, metabolism and hydration status. It has three main parts.

Parts of the Test

• Visual examination: colour, clarity and odour.
• Chemical examination (dipstick): pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, blood (haemoglobin/myoglobin), bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite and leucocyte esterase.
• Microscopic examination: red and white blood cells, epithelial cells, casts, crystals and bacteria.

Important Findings