Hyperventilation
Respiratory System
Hyperventilation is alveolar ventilation in excess of metabolic need, causing a fall in arterial PCO₂ (hypocapnia) below about 35 mmHg and respiratory alkalosis; it differs from hyperpnoea (an increase in ventilation matched to need, as in exercise).
Causes
- Anxiety and panic attacks: the most common acute cause.
- Altitude: a response to hypoxia.
- Pain, fever, pregnancy, and some drugs.
- Compensation for metabolic acidosis: as in diabetic ketoacidosis or very intense exercise.
Symptoms (Due to Hypocapnia)
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